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Baku Tbilisi Kars railway expansion positions Middle Corridor as key Eurasian route

For decades, discussions surrounding international trade routes were dominated by a single, comfortable assumption: that globalization would always rely on the path of least resistance, largely defined by maritime choke points and established northern overland corridors. However, the geopolitics of the 2020s shattered this complacency. Between the protracted conflict in Ukraine that effectively paralyzed the Northern Corridor through Russia, and the chronic instability plaguing the Red Sea and the Strait of Hormuz, the global supply chain has faced a series of systemic cardiac arrests